INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BLOGGING

The First Thing To Learn In Basic ICT is The Meaning Of Computer.

What Is a Computer.

1. A Computer Technically is a programmable electronic machine. This means it can execute a programmed lists of instructions that is given. Computers can perform complex and repetitive procedures quickly, precisely and reliably and can retrieve large amounts of Data.

• Today, however, the terms are most often used to refer to the desktop and laptop computerst most people use. When referring to a desktop model ,the term"computer"technically only refers to the computer itself- - not the monitor, keyboard,and mouse. Still,it is acceptable to refer to everything together as the computer. The box that holds the computer is called "System Unit". We

1. Some of the major parts of a Personal Computer (or PC) include the motherboard, CPU,memory (or RAM),hard drives, and video card. While personal computers computers are by far the most common type of computers today, there are several other types of computers. For example,a "minicomputer"is a powerful computer that can support many users at once. A "mainframe"is a large, high-powered computer that can perform billions of calculations
   from multiple sources at one time. Finally,a "supercomputer"is a machine that can process billions of instructions a second and is used to calculate extremely complex calculations. The first computer was called the ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer.)ENIAC- introduced in 1946. ENIAC was the first general-purpose built for the United States military to calculate the paths of artillery shells. Physically, ENIAC was ernomous, weighing more than 27,000 kilograms (60,000 pounds) and filling a large room. To process data, ENIAC used about 18,000 vacuum tubes each,the size of a small light bulb. The tubes burned out easily and had to be constantly replaced.
2. ,which was built during World War II. Computers first utilized vacuum tubes and we're very large (sometimes room size) and only found is businesses, Universities, or governments. Later, computers began utilizing transistors as well as smaller and cheaper parts parts that allowed the common person to own their own computer.
3. Computer Account: An account that is created that is created by a domain administrator and uniquely identifies the computer on the domain. The computer windows account matches the name of the computer joining the domain.
4. Computer Administrator: A User who manages a Computer is an Administrator. The Computer Administrator makes system-wide changes to the computer, including installing program's and accessing all files on the computer, and can create, change and delete the accounts of other users.
5. Computer Aided Designing (CAD): The part of {CAE} concerning the drawing or physical layout steps of engineering design. Often found in the phrase"CAD/CAM" for ". manufacturing". SeeCAD/CAM.
6. Computer Aided Engineering:(CAE) Use of computers to help with all phases of engineering design work. Like computer aided design,but also involving the conceptual and analytical designs steps. See CAE.
7. Computer-Aided Instructions.
8. (CAI,or "assisted", "learning",CAL). The use of (personal) computera for education and training.
9. Computer Aided Software Engineering 1 (CASE, or "assisted") A technique for using computers to help with one or more phases of the software life-cycle, including the systematic analysis, design, implementation and maintenance of software. Adopting the CASE approach to building and maintaining systems involves software tools and training for the developers who will use them.
10. Computer-Aided Software Testing:(CAST) Automated software testing in one or more phases of the software life-cycle.
11. Computer Aided Test Engineering: (CATE) CASE methods applied to electronics testing and linked to  - CAE.

Computer Based Testing(CBT). Training (of humans) done by interaction with a computer.The programs and data used in CBT are known as "courseware."

LET'S DISCUSS BLOG/BLOGGING INFORMATION

First Let's talk about Blog (Weblog). A Blog also known as Weblog is a personal online journal that is frequently updated and intended for general public consumption. Blogs are defined by their format:a series of entries posted for a specific and single page  in reverse chronological order . Blogs generally represent the personality of the author or reflect the purpose of the website that hosts the blog . Topics sometimes include philosophical musings, commentary on internet and other social issues, and links to other sites the author favors, especially those that support a point being made on a post. The author of a blog is often referred to as Blogger. Many Blogs syndicate their contents to subscribers using RSS(Really Simple Syndication),a popular content distribution tool.

BOOTING

To Boot a Computer means to load an operating system into the main memory or RAM.Once the operating system is loaded (and for example, on a PC , you see the initial windows or Mac desktop screen, it's ready for users to run applications. Sometimes you will see an instruction to "reboot" the operating system. This simply means to reload the operating system. (The most familiar way to do this on a PC is to tap on three keys are same time thus the Ctrl,Alt and the delete key). A cool Boot is when the computer is powered up from an off state. A warm boot occurs when an already turned on computer is re-booted.

DEFINITION FOR COOL BOOT/START

Also known as  hard boot, a Cold boot is the Industry term given to the process of initializing the start-up conditions in a computer. The Cold start or cold cold process assumes no previous activity in the computer, in other words is has been powered off. All registers in the machine are set to initial conditions and the power-on self-test is conducted in its entirety. It is usually initiated by pressing the power button on both the system unit and the monitor.constrast warm boot.

DEFINITION FOR WARM BOOT/START

A boot from power on , where the CPU and peripherals are already powered up (warm). A warm boot might be performed after a software crash or a hardware reset.constrast cold boot. See also reboot.

DEFINITION FOR REBOOT

Reboot is a boot with the implications that the computer has not been down for long or that the boot is a bounce intended to clear some state of unresponsiveness or inactivity.

TERMINOLOGIES CONCERNING BOOTING

1. BOOT BLOCK:A program at some fixed location on hard disk, floppy disk or other media, which is loaded when the computer is turned on or rebooted and which controls the next phase of Löädïñg the actual operation system. The Löädïñg and execution of the boot block is usually controlled by firmware in ROM or PROM.
2. BOOT DISK:A boot disk is the magnetic disk (usually a hard disk)from which is an operating system kernel is loaded(or"bootstrapped"). This second phase is system start-up is performed by a simple bootstrap loader program held held in ROM,possibly configured by data stored in some form of writable nonvolatile storage.

Computer Cables: They include all the cables for connecting peripherals to the computer system and the internet.

Review About The Software termed Anti virus.

Anti-Virus(Also known as Antivirus Software, AVS, OE just AV). Programs that detect and remove computer viruses. The simplest kind Scans executable files and boot blocks for a list of known viruses. Others others are constantly active, attempting to detect the actions of general classes of viruses. If it finds a match for the criteria that is feels is that of a virus or virus like condition, the application informs the user and may clean, delete or quarantine any files, directories or disks affected by the malicious antivirus code. Antivirus software should always include a regular update service allowing with it to keep up with the latest viruses as they are released companies such as McAfee and Norton are leaders in the Industry as well as smaller a company that put's an excellent product called AVG.

1.  Computer Cables: They include all the cables for connecting peripherals to the computer system and the Internet.
2. Computer Case:The housing that contains all the parts of the the computer. There are many kinds of computer cases or housing including the desktop, tower, mini-tower and micro-tower.
3. Computer Crime: Also known as e-crime, electronic crime, or hi-tech,computer crime is an act commonly performed by a knowledgeable computer user, sometimes referred to as a hacker that illegally browses or steals a company or individuals private information.In some cases some  individual or group of individuals maybe malicious and destroy or otherwise corrupt the computer or the data files computer crime can be extended to include any illegal act involving a computer.
4. Computer Ethics: Ethics is a set of moral principles that governo the behaviour of a group or individual. Therefore, computer ethics is set of moral principles that regulate the use of computers. Some common issues of computer ethics include intellectual property rights, privacy concerns concerns, and how computers affect society. For example, while it is easy to duplicate copyrighted electronic contents, computer ethics would suggest that it is wrong to do so without the author's approval. And while it may be possible yaccesa someone's personal information on a computer system, computer ethics would advise that such an action is unethical. As technology advances, computer continues to have a greater impact on society.
5. Computer Family: Category of computers with the same type of designs and microprocessor that are compatible with each other. A good example of different computer families are the IBM or PC family versus the Apple or Mac family computers.
6. Computer Graphics: A computer graphic or computer picture is any type of computer-generaged image or graphic imported into the computer that is capable of being displayed on the computer display.
7. Computer Generated Imagery: Animated graphics produced by Computer and used film or television.
8. Computer Graphics Metafile:A standard file format for storage and communication of graphical information, widely used on personal Computers and accepted by desktop publishing and technical illustration systems.
9. Computer Information File:A collection of information about a computer, including hardware and software and networking and nonphysical characteristics such as maintenance schedule backup schedule list of users and security.
10. Computer Instructions. Set of steps or documentation that includes information on how to operate, perform or otherwise maintain particular Computer software and hardware. If a program or hardware device includes an instruction, it is highly recommended that these be reviewed. Many question and answer are generally contained within these instructions to help users with a particular product.
11. Computer Laboratory: Like the science Laboratory, it is a room specially prepared and fitted with Computer setups for the purposes of teaching and learning.
12. Computer Language:A type of code used by programmers to create computer programs. Various types of computers language exist like cobol Fortran BASIC RPG assembler C and APL. Some of the more popular languages that are used to write games, applications, and webpages are C++, BASIC and HTML. Each languages has a set of commands and functions, called the syntax, that makes the language unique. Most have translators called compliers to convert the language commands to machine commands.
13. Computer Literacy: is an understanding of the concepts, terminology and operations that relate to general Computer use. It's the essential knowledge needed to function independently with a computer. This functionality includes being able to solve and avoid problems, adapt to new situations, keep information organized and communicate effectively with other computer literate people. Basic computer skills are mandatory. You do not need to be a nerd to have basic computer Literacy.
14. Computer Mediated Communication CMC Communication that takes place through, or is facilitated by Computers. Examples include Usenet and Email, but CMC also covers real-time chat tools like Lily IRC and even video conferencing.
15. Computer Monitoring Software: software that can be used to record an individuals Computer usage, typically either by capturing images of the screen or by recording the key strokes used.
16. Computer Name: The unique name and/or number of a computer. The computer name is used to help identify or locate a computer on a network. If your computer shares the same computer name as another option computer, it is likely you will be unable to log onto the network.
17. Computer Network: A collection of Computers and other connected together to share hardware, software and data as well as to communicate electronically with one another. See Networking.
18. Computer Revolution: A point in time when Computers become very popular and used world wide; we are now living in a computer revolution.
19. Computer Science: Sometimes abbreviated as C's, computer science is the study of Computers and how they work and basic skills in computer programming.
20. Computer Security: The protection of Computers and data that the computer hold. This can be anything from placing passwords on Computers to setting up firewalls.
21. Computer-Telephomy Integration: Enabling computers to know about control telephony functions such as making and receiving voice, fax, and data calls, telephone directory services and caller identification. The integration of telephone and computer system and is a major development in the evolution of the automated office.
22. Computer Virus: A software program, installed without the user's knoedge, designed to alter the way a computer operates or to cause harm to the system.

• Computer Worm: A malicious program designed to rapidly spread to a large number of computers by sending copies of itself to other computers.
• TOPOLOGY 1. Topology is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous transformation.
• TOPOLOGY 2. The physical configuration of a network that determines how the network computer are connected. Common configuration include the bus topology, mesh topology, ring topology, star topology, tree topology and hybrid topology. See each of these topology definitions for additional information and visual examples.
• Topology Attribute: A generic term that refers to either a link attribute or Nidal attribute.
• Topology Constraints: A topology constraints is a generic term refers to either a link constraint or a nodal constraint.
• Topology Database: The database that describes the topology of the entire PNNI routing domain as seen by a node.
• Topology Metric: A generic term that refers to either a link metric or a Nidal metric.
• Topology State Parameter: A generic term that refers to either a link parameter or a nodal parameter.